Part of the high cost of gasoline stems from the recent closures of several refineries in the US. The price of crude (which has also been steadily increasing) plays a large part, but without capacity to refine it gasoline is still going to be expensive. Even the
OPEC website recognizes this, stating that "Refinery capacity expansion plans are needed in the major consuming regions to reflect the evolving quality of global crudes if efforts to moderate crude prices and reduce oil market volatility are to be effective."
Not to mention that the estimated capacity of the ANWR is estimated (according to the
ANWR site) is 16 billion barrels. According to the
Department of Energy, the US presently imports 11 million barrels
per day. Assuming that oil was coming out of ANWR at that rate, this means there's enough oil there to last for about 1454.5 days, or about four years, if we suddenly stopped importing (and didn't export any oil), and not accounting for any changes in demand or supply from other internal sources. (At "economically recoverable" estimates of 10.3 billion barrels, this drops to 936 days, or slightly over two and a half years.) Notwithstanding that we simply do not have the refining capacity for that, there's also the issue of the conditions any ANWR drilling operating would encounter (chiefly, the conditions one would expect from the northern part of Alaska). This makes it more expensive for ANWR oil compared to a field in, say, Texas.
Now, I'm not opposed to drilling for oil in ANWR. I think that we ought to be trying to ease the prices, and an increase in supply is going to help with that. I don't, however, think it's a magic bullet that's somehow going to drive the worldwide cost of oil down. OPEC is believed to be at or near its pumping capacity, and with the fast growth taking place in countries like China, more oil will be needed. I imagine that some portion of what comes out of ANWR would be exported, lessening the amount of time the oil will last and/or making any price decrease less significant (as imports would be required to take up slack).
I may get labeled as an "environmental whacko" for this, but we really need to start working on cutting down on our need for oil, whether socially or technologically. At some point down the road, there simply isn't going to be enough oil to go around, and we should be prepared for this. I'm in favor of letting drilling go on in ANWR, provided that as a condition of the authorization, more money is made available for research and development of alternative fuel source, public transportation, and possibly awareness programs.