While there is some risk associated with an emergecny brake application, it is very little risk with passenger equipment. First, all of the cars weigh about the same, so no risk of heavier cars pushing lighter cars off the rails. Also, passenger equipment has about half the slack of freight equipment, so there is less shock from any run in or out of the slack as the train stops. Finally, when the proper circut cables are connected, as part of the elctro-pneumatic brake system on (not all) passenger trains, there is an emergency magnet valve located on all locomotives, including cab cars. Thus, when I move the handle to emergency, in addition to a pneumatic signal traveling through the train at about 960 feet per second, an electrical signal is sent at the speed of light to every locomotive in the train, which will open the emergency vent valve, thus propogating the emergency application from both the head end and hind end. So therefore, most of the dynamic forces involved are kept to a minimum and there is little danger of a derailment as a result of an emergency application.
Such is not the case on freight trains. Even with two-way EOT's, which allow an emergency application to be initiated, or propogated from the rear end of the train, if we assume that both ends are placed in emergency, it will take 5 seconds from the time of the application until all of the train is in emergency, on a 10,000 ft train. Therefore, part of the train is slowing rapidly, and part of the train wants to continue at the previous speed. Heavier cars will put a great deal of force on lighter cars, and may force them right off the rails. Also, run in and run out of slack may lead to broken knucles, and drawbars due to excessivce forces.
Decelostats are supposed to be nulified during an emergency application, as their action results in increased stopping distances. The only exception is on MU's, whose deadman switch will apply the brakes in emergency, if the deadman is released. Because it was assumed that in most cases, it would be human error that leads to the switch being released, the decelostats are allowed to function during a deadman initiated emergency application, to prevent flat spots.
Jt --
The rule says that passenger trains and light engines are relieved of making an emergency radio transmission and protecting adjcent tracks after an emergency application if the crew can immediately determine that no other tracks are fouled. Freight trains are not relieved of this requirement.
Also, a train passing a train in emergency on an adjcent track, in the oppisite direction must proceed at restricted speed from the head end of the train to 1 mile beyond the hind end. A train proceeding in the same direction on an adjcent track must proceed at restriced speed from 1 mile before the location the train was reported to be in emergency to the head end of that train.
Finally, one question I always ask any students I get qualifying on Amtrak. What is the required flagging distance on PATH? I always get a strange look, but consider this. You are headed west on track 3 at the westward home signal at Dock. You expericence an undesired emergency application. Now, due to the curve, and its at night, you cant see if you train is fouling any other tracks. A call on the radio to Dock will afford protection on track 2, and so the crew is relieved from protecting track 2. But what about that track to your north? The rule says you must protect the tracks of another railroad that are adjcent to yours, and so until Dock can get confirmation of protection from PATH, your conductor, or brakeman if the conductor should he decided to delegate, must take a red flag and some fusees, and start walking.
Proven Theory #2 - If you don't work for the railroad, you don't know more than the people who do, no matter how many years you've hung around the tracks, or how well you think you understand railroading.
Rest in peace Jtgshu.