It all depends on where you live, and which RR you want to work for.
Some RRs will hire you and pay you as a "trainee" while providing you OJT and classroom training.
On the other hand, for candidates with no prior experience, CSX uses outside training providers for a 5-week "Conductor Training Course" which the candidate has to pay for.
The program consists of RR basics, (Safety, signals, operation, etc), and is mostly classroom, except for some time spent with stationary equipment practicing changing knuckles, hanging, crossing over, etc. (I know they do this over in Selkirk from time to time, but am unaware of other locations in the northeast). There are tests on all the subjects, which the candidates have to pass, in order to complete the program.
During the 5-week program, the training providers, (mostly Community Colleges, but I think AMDG is also a training provider - these are listed on CSX's web-site), work with CSX to schedule candidates job interviews, physicals, and strength tests, so that, by the end, candidates know whether they will have a job or not.
Presuming the candidate passes the 5-week course, (aka "Hand Brake High"), and the other required physicals, etc, they are now a Trainman/Conductor Trainee, and they are then given 1 week of actual training in a RR facility, using live equipment.
This is followed by assignment to their seniority district where they spend the next 14-22 weeks training with yard and road crews.
After this time, trainees are required to take the ACE and signals test. At this point, if they pass the required exams, and they haven't gone to the poor house yet, their $4000 and hard work have just bought them a position at/near the bottom of the Conductor's Extra Board!
If I may add, Railroading is a great profession, and it definitely is not for everyone! I would recommend that any of you guys who think you may like doing it, try it, see if it is for you, and if you don't like it, find something else that you do like! (Too many people out there don't like their jobs these days!)
Most importantly, though, if you do choose to go railroading, remember: WORK SAFELY ALWAYS!
Remember your safety rules, keep your mind on your job, and the potential dangers, don't turn your back on equipment while fouling track, expect that any standing equipment will start rolling at any time, and if there is no equipment on the track, expect something to show up, 'just in case'.
Sorry for the long-winded message, I will now get off my soap box.
Good luck!
Gunner