by Nasadowsk
mdvle wrote: It's a question of the trade offs between increased reliability vs less flexibility.It's a box with wheels and seats. It shouldn't need to be OOS for repair very often.
Yes, fixed connections allows for better connections between cars and open vestibules but you are also now increasing how much of a train gets taken out of service for repair.
You also lose flexibility in sizing a train for passenger numbers.You don't need to be so granular - the small additional cost in wear/tear/fuel is likely lower than the cost of micromanaging train length.
Europe, given their generally very frequent service has moved away from modifying formations both due to time and cost and with the knowledge that while customers may not be happy if a short train shows up another train will be along soon.Plenty of trains join/part en route in Europe, still. Nevermind power changes at the border. But most European EMU formations are more than 2 cars (4 seems to be the sweet spot), whereas in the US you still have agencies *cough* SEPTA*cough* buying single cars, and none have ventured past married pairs.